The Concept of Self-Transcendence Essays

The Concept of Self-Transcendence Essays The Concept of Self-Transcendence Essay The Concept of Self-Transcendence Essay Essay Topic: The Metamorphosis Wallace Stevens Poems Life is full of obstacles that thwart one’s ability to discover the true meaning of existence. In The Unheard Cry for Meaning, psychologist Viktor Frankl explains that â€Å"An eye with a cataract may see something like a cloud, which is its cataract; an eye with glaucoma may see its glaucoma as a rainbow halo around the lights. A healthy eye sees nothing of itself – it is self-transcendent. † The concept of self-transcendence requires one to overcome the different â€Å"cataracts† of life, and ultimately view the world through an altruistic perspective. When one conquers the notion of seeing â€Å"nothing of itself†, one can comprehend the true meaning to living a full and healthy life. In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, the main character Gregor Samsa has lost himself in his continuous world of routine, in which his grueling profession takes away from his ability to recognize the components that make life meaningful. Thus, his job is the â€Å"cataract† that disables him from truly living, and keeps him from establishing relationships with those around him and wholly expressing his creativity. Gabriel Conroy experiences similar feelings of disillusionment in James Joyce’s The Dead. Gabriel lives in a â€Å"cloud† of misperceptions, and constantly suffers from obsessive misinterpretations of how others perceive him. As a result, Gabriel possesses a close-minded and defensive attitude, which affects his ability to experience true love and wholly appreciate his life. Gregor’s obsession with his job, and Gabriel’s constant fear of being judged by others, hinder their abilities to reach self-transcendence. Once they break these barriers, they learn to possess this theory of self-transcendence, and ultimately seek to espy the true essence of life. Gregor’s physical transformation â€Å"into a monstrous vermin† (Pg. 3) frees him from the distractions and obligations that permeate his mindset, such as his responsibilities to earn money, pay off his parent’s debt, and support his family. Prior to his metamorphosis, Gregor is so preoccupied with his â€Å"grueling profession† (Pg. 4), that it prevents him from â€Å"ever becoming anything closer than acquaintances† (Pg. 4) with the different individuals in his life. After his metamorphosis, Gregor is able to build a relationship with an object to create a link with humanity that his life is lacking. The picture of the beautiful woman exemplifies Gregor’s desire to create a relationship to feed his hunger for love, and the picture’s frame symbolizes the amount of creativity that Gregor possesses within himself. The picture, which Gregor â€Å"had recently cut out of a glossy magazine and lodged in a pretty gilt frame†¦showed a lady done up in a fur hat and fur boa, sitting upright and raising up against the viewer a heavy fur muff in which her whole forearm had disappeared† (pg. 3). Gregor is frustrated that his job never allows â€Å"relationships to last or get more intimate† (Pg. ), and is distressed that the individuals in his life come and go without making any sort of impact on his life. Therefore, the woman in the photo may depict Gregor’s desire for love, and his desire to form a meaningful relationship with someone that is important to him. Gregor spends â€Å"Two or three evenings† (Pg. 11) carving a â€Å"gilt† or g old lined frame for the picture because it temporarily relives him from his desolation. The care that Gregor expresses toward the frame is shown by the degree to which he pays attention to every minor detail while crafting it. In addition, the time he spends carving the frame also reveals how important the picture is to him. Though he is not conscious of the reason why he values the picture so much, Gregor deeply cherishes the picture because it momentarily enables him to escape his solitude, and experience the love and creativity that he longs for. Music is the creative art form that enables Gregor to rekindle his love for his sister Grete, and also provides Gregor with unknown nourishment that satisfies the need for beauty in his life. Grete’s violin playing â€Å"forces Gregor out of his confinement, and moves him to show his appreciation for the beauty of her violin playing that no one else could express. † (Pg. 46) Gregor’s persistence to â€Å"inch himself farther onto the immaculate living room floor† (Pg. 46), despite being physically soiled and â€Å"completely covered with the dust that blanketed his room† (Pg. 45), suggests his dire craving for human love, and his determination to further draw himself to the splendor of his sister’s music. Gregor’s exposure and admiration to music temporarily moves him from his depression, and his metamorphosis serves as the medium through which he feeds his longing. After Gregor’s metamorphosis, Gregor undergoes dejection in which he finds himself uncomfortable, uncertain, and lost due to the lack of compassion that others express toward him. Once transformed, Gregor realizes that music is the â€Å"food† that satisfies his hunger for comfort and hope, qualities of humanity that he has regained after being transformed into a vermin. In pursuing Grete’s music, Gregor understands that he can cure his melancholy by showing a livelihood that reflects hope in the realization that love and beauty still exist in the world. Through his actions, Gregor triggers the yearning to escape his solitude, and discover his â€Å"soul† by pursuing the music that comforts him. At the novel’s end, Gregor’s family comes to the conclusion that they must abandon the notion that the monstrous bug is Gregor. Grete reasons that if the bug were really Gregor, he would have gone away on his own and spared them the torment of caring for him. In his deathbed, Gregor agrees with his sister and dies while thinking of his family with love and affection. Gregor’s interaction with Grete’s music dissolves the anger he felt in his depression, and allows him to pass from his life with a peaceful and serene mindset. Gabriel’s encounters with Miss Ivors and Greta reveal his habit of misinterpreting how others perceive him, and how this embeds Gabriel with an insecure and defensive attitude. Miss Ivors is introduced as, â€Å"a frank-mannered talkative young lady† (Pg. 187), who, at the onset of her encounter with Gabriel states, â€Å"I have a crow to pluck with you. (Pg. 187) She proceeds in their conversation by addressing Gabriel’s job with â€Å"The Daily Express†, and claims in a jokingly manner that Gabriel is a â€Å"West Briton† (Pg. 188) who is too pompous to handle her criticism. This initiates Gabriel’s immediate belief that Miss Ivors dislikes him, though there is no direct evidence of this contempt. Gabriel reflects a solicitous attitude that instantly takes offense toward any statement that threatens his self-image. Flustered by her bold statements, Gabriel’s does not â€Å"know how to meet her charge† (Pg. 88), and simply â€Å"continues to blink his eyes trying to smile and [murmurs] lamely that he sees nothing political in writing reviews about books. † (Pg. 188) This initial incidence exemplifies Gabriel’s constant consciousness toward how others judge him, and his tendency to take offense toward any remark against his social status. Miss Ivors continues to â€Å"pluck† at Gabriel’s vulnerability through questioning his desire to leave Ireland for vacation, and criticizes Gabriel’s disregard to explore beautiful areas of his own native country. Gabriel becomes extremely frustrated by Miss Ivors’ frank statements and exclaims, â€Å"To tell you the truth†¦I’m sick of my own country, sick of it. † (Pg. 190) Gabriel immediately feels the need to cover â€Å"his agitation† through such a remark, because he fears that Miss Ivors will see his anxiety and look condescendingly upon him. After the party, Gabriel continues to misinterpret his interactions with others, demonstrated by resentment in his failure to physically and mentally connect with his wife. Gabriel’s superiority, shown through desires such as longing to be â€Å"the master of Gretta’s strange mood† (Pg. 18), feels threatened after learning that Mr. D’Arcy’s performance of The Lass of Aughrim reminds Gretta of a â€Å"gentle boy† named Michael Furey. An initial â€Å"dull anger begins to gather at the back of Gabriel’s mind† (Pg. 220) to hear that this is the source of her morbid state, and he begins questioning his wife in an ironic and detached tone. Gabriel feels emotions of jealousy, humiliation, and anxiety; spurred on by the menace that Michael Furey poses after hearing that he may have influenced Gretta in the past. Gabriel’s reaction reveals that his â€Å"socially polished† way of life feels threatened by the thought of Michael Furey, no matter how â€Å"delicate† of a young boy he had been, and Gabriel resumes to question Gretta’s past and present intentions in a satirical and subtle manner. Gabriel does not understand how a dead boy manages to disrupt his ability to become closer to his wife. Gabriel’s insecurity and defensive attitude evaporates when he begins to see the world outside himself, and acknowledges his shame in feeling threatened by a young, passionate boy in the gasworks. Gabriel felt humiliated by the failure of his irony and by the evocation of this figure from the dead† (Pg. 221), and suffers from a â€Å"shameful consciousness of his own person that assails him† (Pg. 221). Whereas his initial tone of interrogation was cold and ironic, his new tone changes to one of humility and indifference. Gabriel sees the senselessness in h is original motives of sexual advancement, and goes on to comfort his wife by â€Å"caressing† her hands, and empathizing with her sadly over Michael Furey’s memory. Though it is evident that Gregor’s prior tendencies of insecurity and defensiveness exist, demonstrated by his initial reaction of jealousy upon hearing that Michael Furey died for Gretta, he learns to repress this emotion through reason and compassion. Whereas Gabriel had originally expressed a type of superiority complex about him, he diverges into feelings of generosity and friendly pity for his wife. Gabriel also expresses respect toward Michael Furey’s bravery, and honors his memory by commenting that it is â€Å"better to pass boldly into that other world, in the full glory of some passion, than fade and wither dismally with age. (Pg. 224) As Gabriel reflects in the hotel room, he sees his soul â€Å"approaching that region where dwell the vast hosts of the dead†¦His own identity fades out into a grey impalpable world: the solid world itself which these dead had one time reared and lived in was dissolving and dwindling† (Pg. 225) In such a way, Gabrie l’s soul is leaving the â€Å"solid† world he is used to, a world of disillusionment and self-gratification, and is beginning to view the world in a more sensible manner. Within the Holy Bible, archangel Gabriel is known for expressing a gentle and caring nature, and is also known for serving alongside archangel Michael during the birth of Jesus Christ. Also following the theme of birth, Michael Furey’s story of relentless passion serves as the message sent to rebirth Gabriel from his life of solicitude, and enables him to see how his close-minded attitude paralyzes his ability to connect with others. Gabriel begins to view the world through humble eyes, without his own personal facade blurring the image as it once did. He states, â€Å"Yes, the newspapers were right: snow was general all over Ireland†¦It was falling, too, upon every part of the lonely churchyard on the hill where Michael Furey lay buried† (Pg. 225) The snow serves as a recurring symbol throughout The Dead to reflect the purity that Michael Furey’s passionate love represented. Gabriel views the snow as a facet that unifies elements of the dead, such as Michael Furey’s story and the memories of all those deceased, with the lives of the living. He finally understands that the distance between life and death is closer once an individual accepts the constant messages sent by the dead, and self-transcendence can only be reached by living a fervent life such as the life of Michael Furey. Both Gregor and Gabriel reach self-transcendence by breaking down the barriers that permeate their abilities to see the meaning of life. The moment their characters learned to disregard prior obsessions, they were able to see the world in a way that appreciated qualities of love, passion, and beauty that they never took the time to notice before. In the same way, Emily Dickinson created this feeling of awareness in many of her poems by describing ordinary objects in an extraordinary manner to reveal their significance. In â€Å"This was a Poet†, Dickinson indicates that poetry compels readers to break through the barrier of ordinary thoughts, and remove the â€Å"film of familiarity† (Coleridge) on all aspects of life by exploring the significance of everyday happenings. This â€Å"film of familiarity† can also refer to the â€Å"cloud† of obstruction that Frankl discusses in his metaphor comparing a non-healthy eye to a healthy eye. By viewing the world through non-healthy eyes, this â€Å"cloud† creates a hazy perception of the world and distances one from finding out the meaning of life. External or internal forces push individuals to reach a state of self-transcendence, which like poetry allows them to lift the â€Å"film of familiarity†, and dispel the clouds that once obstructed their vision and view life in an altruistic manner. Wallace Stevens once said, â€Å"Let’s see the very thing itself and nothing else, let’s see it with the hottest fire of sight. † When an individual sees the world through healthy eyes, they are able to see the very qualities of life that make living meaningful, and in turn focus their full attention toward pursuing these qualities. For both Gregor and Gabriel, a submissive revelation saves both their lives, and leads them to see the importance of love and passion with the hottest fire of sight because of the self-transcendence that has transformed them.

Distinguishing Share Capital And Loan Capital Essay

Distinguishing Share Capital And Loan Capital - Essay Example This paper would go to investigate difference between share capital and loan capital, paying meticulous attention to the way in which loan capital may be secured1 Corporate borrowing where this is done by debentures or debenture Stock it also examines the types of charge that companies can issue to Creditors is floating and fixed charges. The priority of secured creditors is considered together with an examination of the registration requirements for charges. Membership of a company limited by shares is based on an undertaking to Contribute capital to the company in payment for shares issued by the company. The amount of capital to be contributed is a matter for agreement between each Member and the company but once the agreed amount has been contributed neither the company nor its creditors may demand a further contribution2. The contributed capital of a company is used by it to make profits, which may be shared among is members if the company is wound up when it is solvent, the contributed capital may be returned to members but if it has to be wound up when it is insolvent then all the assets acquired with the members contributed capital will have to be used to pay the company debts and nothing will be returned to the members. As well as sharing in profits the members of a company normally jointly control it by appointing directors to manage the company affairs. In many private companies, of course, the members are also the directors. A member of a company who contributes more capital than another will want a proportionally greater share in distribution of the company profits and also a greater influence on the company affairs (i.e., more votes at members meetings). The extent of a members undertaking to contribute capital, and of entitlement to share in distributions and vote at meetings, are all related to the number and class of shares of the company that the member holds a description of each member. Shareholding must be entered against the members name in the company register of members (CA 2006, s 113). A share is essentially a limit of account for measuring a member's interest in a company. Each share is required to have sum of capital assigned to it as its nominal value (s 542) and this is the size of the unit of account. The nominal value of a share is the minimum value that a company must demand to receive as contributed capital in exchange for the share so if Textbook Examples Co plc, has only one class of members and the nominal value of each of its shares is 50p, and I undertake to contribute 5000 worth of capital to the company I Cannot expect to be allotted more than 10,000 of its shares. Moreover, the company must not offer to allot me more than 10,000 of its 50p shares as an incentive to me to contribute only 5,000 worth of capital because to do so would distort the way in which the shares allotted to me measure my interest in the company (s 580) it is however permissible for a shareholder to undertake to contribute more for shares than their nominal value -the excess is called share premium Capital contributed in exchange for shares, apart from share premium, is called share capital. Having undertaken

How has Modern Technology improved Emergency Response Capabilities Assignment

How has Modern Technology improved Emergency Response Capabilities - Assignment Example The software development is focused to develop methods to generate high resolution fused data studies to create three-dimensional product view among other features for correct forecasting to generate accurate weather alerts, which is just one of the various features of the software development (NWS, 2012). Future is full of new possibilities in the fields of technology for emergency communication in the time of disasters. Technology advancements also offer new challenges to apply new innovations in the current Department of Homeland Security (DHS) programs. The ongoing communications programs need to be revised for assimilating future additions of modern technology. Cyber Security & Communications (CS&C) has always played a leading part in the overall security of the nation’s 18 important infrastructure divisions under Homeland Security President Directive-7 (HSPD-7). CS&C is behind all the government communications programs related to priority services such as GETS, which is a White House initiated emergency telecommunications service, offering communications support to all government and non-government missions (DHS News, 2012). Emergency management in the context of interstate collaboration can better help in making a quick response to catastrophic disasters. Such an agreement named the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) is based on mutual help in collaboration with other states, facilitating states to take collective action against natural and human disasters, mostly before the availability of federal disaster assistance. Emergency management can be well understood by discussing EMACs call to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita to attend to the critical requirement for evaluation of emergency management at the local level. A studious evaluation of news reports, government papers, and reports from related organizations needs to be conducted to reach at some conclusion on the extent and way of EMACs execution and its conduct at the time of response functions.

Economics Essay Example for Free

Economics Essay 1. What did Keynes think some of the chief benefits and defects of capitalism were? Keynesian theory which was developed by Keynes advocates for a mixed economy where the government and private sector are important. In Keynesian model economy is assumed to be below full employment.   Keynesian argues that the aggregate demand for good which seek to increase employment of resources in the country is the driving force of an economy.   According to Keynes, the government’s role is to reduced unemployment rate and deflation level to enhance increased output in an economy (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003). Capitalism developed by Max argues that the poor in capitalistic society are so because of exploitation by the merchants who own the means of production and distribution.   The merchants are said to exploit the poor through low wages.   Marx argued that the value of any economic good should be determined by the labor used to manufacture.   Any cost that is higher than the cost of labor represents the surplus which is the profits the capitalists realize from exploitation of their laborers.   Marx believes that all means of production should be owned by the government or should control by the government.   Marx advocated for socialist government that owns the means of production or democratic administration that control them. Economists who include Keynes deny the claims of Marx that labor is the only measure for surplus.   According to Keynes who support capitalism, employers and employees are guided by the prevailing market wages hence employers offer employment to willing workers. John Keynes believes in capitalistic economy and called on the government to stimulate it but not eliminate it.   However, Keynes site defect in capitalism where he argues that capitalism does not promote full employment, wealth and incomes which the model seeks to achieve in the long run. Keynesian ideologies have been employed by politician but both abuse of the model, inflation has resulted.   This is evident with government manipulating policies to make economic conditions favorable during election which has led to high inflation in most state.   Action by government leads to reduce real wages and real incomes which do comply with Keynes model.   Capitalism has led to segregation of the society into strata according to income and wealth owned.   Most politician use Keynes ideologies by making promises that will earn them votes.   Implementations of the promises require higher taxation which reduces income of individuals (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003). Keynesian advocate for full employment which should be accompanied buy steady controlled inflation level as an effective means of guiding the economy in he interests of capital.   Keynes argue that real wages can be allowed to fall, government expenditure on schools, hospitals and infrastructure can be reduced as anti-inflationary measures and this inflationary measure should be continued until employment level desired is achieved. According to Keynes denied that unemployment is contributed by capitalism. However Keynes argued that unemployment in capitalism is brought by inadequate demand of personal articles of consumption and productive articles of consumption.   Keynes argue that inadequate demand is as a result of the workers tending to accumulate part of their incomes through savings and the inadequate demand   for productive consumption is brought by failure of people to invest their capital profitability which would lead to increase in output and hence reduced unemployment. Keynes advocates that employment can be increased by lowering real wages through inflation introduction and decreasing rate of interest.   Increased rate of interest will encourage investment of capital which will increase aggregate demand.   The government should then expand its budget to allow mass investment. Consumptive demand can be increased through increased extravagance of the ruling class; investing in war prone areas and increased non-productive expenses by the state.   The increased non-productive expenses to attain full employment of the population will actually lead to diminished living standards of laborers. Keynes in his support for capitalism argued that the workers should not be assisted to rise above the capitalists because capitalists who consist of intellectuals are the quality of life and they carry seed of achievement.   Keynes argued against socialism where the government owns the production. Keynes in support of capitalism advocates the governments to support monopoly.   The wage freezing policy by the federal government in Middle East helped increase the profits of the monopolies while lowering the living standards of the workers. Keynes argue that inflation bring about equilibrium position I n capitalism.   In Capitalism â€Å"Boom lead to increased profits and hence increased prices.   Production expands up to overproduction point where equilibrium is achieved through â€Å"boom bursting. 2. What is the `identification problem` in using econometric analysis? Identification problem in ecometrics involves solving unique values of the parameters of the structural model from the values of the parameters of the reduced form of the model.   Reduced form of a model presents a model where endogenous variables are expressed functions of exogenous variables. For example prices in a marker are determined by supply and demand, hence must establish the demand and supply functions.   However, the equation obtained by regressing quantity on market price cannot be identified specifically as either supply or demand function.   In special cases, we use regression to get demand function.   While holding supply function constant or vice versa, but cannot obtain regression while accommodating fluctuation changes in both (Baqliano and Bertola, 2003).

Aftircan American Progress in World War II Essay -- essays research pa

World War II, global military conflict that, in terms of lives lost and material destruction, was the most devastating war in human history. It began in 1939 as a European conflict between Germany and an Anglo-French coalition but eventually widened to include most of the nations of the world. It ended in 1945, leaving a new world order dominated by the United States and the USSR.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More than any previous war, World War II involved the commitment of nations' entire human and economic resources, the blurring of the distinction between combatant and noncombatant, and the expansion of the battlefield to include all of the enemy's territory. The most important determinants of its outcome were industrial capacity and personnel. In the last stages of the war, two radically new weapons were introduced: the long-range rocket and the atomic bomb. In the main, however, the war was fought with the same or improved weapons of the types used in World War I. The greatest advances were in aircraft and tanks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"For African Americans, World War II was a fight on two fronts. It was a struggle to prevail over the nation’s external enemies and a battle against a familiar home-grown foe: bigotry† (Allen). When World War II began in Europe in 1939, blacks demanded better treatment than they had experienced during World War I. Black newspaper editors insisted during 1939 and 1940 that black support for this war effort would depend on fair treatment. They demanded that black soldiers be trained in all military roles and that black civilians have equal opportunities to work in war industries at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Americans were some of the quickest and most energetic to condemn the risings of fascism in Europe. They instantly understood the risks Nazism and its Aryan doctrines imposed on the world. Some had read Hitler’s Mein Kampf and had taken offense to its unfavorable comments toward blacks. It was also claimed that in 1936 Hitler had refused to treat African American Olympic stars Jesse Owens and Ralph Metcalf with common decency in Berlin. Also the knockout of the black idol Joe Louis in 1936 by Max Schmeling had fueled some bitter emotions toward Nazism and it was fueled once again when Louis exacted his complete revenge in 1938.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the war Afri... ...seat at the back of the bus. Robinson refused. â€Å"He was arrested and court-martialed for â€Å"disrespectful† conduct and disobeying orders, he was acquitted, but the incident prevented him from going overseas with the 761st† (Allen). Robinson would go on to become the first black baseball player to integrate the major leagues. â€Å"The World War II experience was a watershed for African Americans. Jim Crow remained intact, but the ideological bases of white supremacy and colonialism were undermined by the horrors of the Holocaust† (Earle 87). The war experience gave about one million blacks the opportunity to fight racism in Europe and Asia, a fact that black veterans would remember during the struggle against racism at home after the war. Perhaps just as important, almost ten times that many white Americans witnessed the patriotic service of black Americans. Many of them would object to the continued denial of civil rights to the men and women beside whom they had fought. After World War II the momentum for racial change continued. Black soldiers returned home with determination to have full civil rights. President Harry Truman ordered the final desegregation of the armed forces in 1948.

Kant Categorical Imperative Essay

Kant’s Categorical Imperative is made up of two formulations, Formula of Universal Law and The Formula of the End in Itself. The first formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction. † (Kant, 1785, 1993). What does this mean? A maxim is the fundamental rule of conduct or your moral belief upon which you chose to act. A universal law is a law that everyone must follow regardless of the outcome. How do we determine if the maxim can become universal? One of the first things to do is to ask yourself if it would be acceptable that everyone do the same thing that you are considering doing in that situation. We were given several examples in The Elements of Moral Philosophy and the one that made the most impact was â€Å"suppose a man needs money, but no one will lend it to him unless he promises to pay it back-which he knows he won’t be able to do. Should he make a false promises to get the loan? † (Rachels, 2012). If this happened the maxim or universal rule would be anytime you need a loan tell a lie that you will repay it and you will get the loan. This is not something that everyone would be willing to do because you will no longer believe others when they tell you this statement and no one would be willing to make the loans. The second thing you should do to determine if the maxim can become universal is look at your answer to the first question. Did you say â€Å"yes, I think that everyone will do it? †. If so, then ask yourself if it makes rational sense to want everyone in the same situation to do what you are contemplating doing. If your answer was no to either question then your maxim cannot become universal law because it is not considered moral. Overall, based on Kant, an act is morally right only if the primary rule of behavior, which is how you decide to act morally, can constantly and universally relate to you and others. The second formulation is best described by the following statement, â€Å"Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end. † (Kant, 1785, 1993). Basically, this means that morality consists of doing your duty to treat people, including yourself, and an end, never as a means to an end. Kant combined the second formulation with the first because we have a perfect duty to not use the humanity of ourselves or others merely as a means to some other end. Most ends are somewhat subjective because they need only be pursued if they are in line with some particular hypothetical imperative that a person may choose to adopt. (Categorical Imperative Explained, 2012). The second formulation also leads to the imperfect duty to further the ends of ourselves and others. If any person desires perfection in themselves or others, it would be their moral duty to pursue that end for all people equally, so long as that end does not contradict perfect duty. The question of whether or not Kant adequately addresses the problems evident in comparison of the two formulations cannot be summed up with a simple yes or no answer. He makes a good argument for both sides just as he opposes both sides. The difference is whether or not we have the right moral sense to determine why and how our decisions affect ourselves and others. Kant shows that you have struggles when rationality and practicality are conveyed to cover the same matter. So after all this we ask the question, â€Å"How plausible is the theory? † I think that it is a logical theory that clearly assists in making decisions. It provides a plausible account of morality because you can look at others and have a tendency to complete your actions based on those of others. Kantianism is a more consistent theory because it can be universally applied to all. It is more believable because even if the penalties of carrying out an action aren’t necessarily the best, the individual is still obligated to perform the action because it is their duty to do so. Kant’s theory focuses on the motivation of actions and has a clear and distinctive set of universal rules, and is morally sound. Consequently, ethically and morally they are doing the right thing. Bibliography Categorical Imperative Explained. (2012, April 12). Retrieved from Everything Explained: http://everything. explained. at/categorical_imperative/ (1993). In J. W. Ellington, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals (p. 30). Hackett. Kant, I. (1785, 1993). Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals 3rd ed.. . In J. W. Wllington. Hackett. Rachels, J. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. McGraw-Hill. Reason – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason Chicago: Reason – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reason (accessed April 17, 2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm Chicago: The Elements of Moral Philosophy, http://jamesrachels. org/78improvedsentences. htm (accessed April 17, 2012).

Patent Law And The Patent System - 1016 Words

Patent law provides the strongest monopoly rights of the intellectual property (formally known as IP) system (Kratz, 2010). Patents may be thought of as a statutory monopoly right granted to an individual for their specific invention (Kratz, 2010). Two observations about the patent system may be made clear; it is often times thought of as a race, and inventions are built on the work of others (Kratz, 2010). The idea of patenting is a largely controversial debate within the realm of research; as any dispute, there are both pros and cons to each side. This paper will first look at both sides of the argument regarding the patent system; however, by the end it will be made clear that the negatives outweigh the positives of the patent system. Benefits The most predominate benefit to the patent system is that it gives the inventor the right to stop others from taking credit for their work or ideas. By keeping the patent system, as a monopoly, companies and individuals are more likely to be motivated to become innovative which, in turn has the possibility of advancing the economy (Inventor Basics, 2011). Along with possibility of further innovation, the patent holder maintains exclusive rights to use the invention as they wish. Therefore, in some cases this leads to a higher profit for the inventor; which can balance out the costs of applying for a patent (Inventor Basics, 2011). One further positive for the patent holder maintaining all rights to their invention deals with theShow MoreRelatedPatent Indirect Infringement Of Patent Infringement1202 Words   |  5 Pages1.Introduction Patent indirect infringementï ¼Å'as the name impliesï ¼Å'is opposite to patent direct infringement. Generally, the conception of patent indirect infringement is to meet the need of pantent protection. It expands the protection domain of the patent right to the no-patented products, improves patent protection’s horizontal and provides sufficient legal protection for patentees. Nowadays, more and more countries ordain the system of indirect infringement in their patent laws in order to protectRead MoreThe Patent And Its Effect On The Improvement And Advancement Of Overall Technology1588 Words   |  7 PagesA patent is the right to individually protect intellectual property from others making, using, selling or importing the invention granted by the United States government. The patent was first seen in 1474 in Venice, when the statute allowed grants and restrictions of European monopolies. Similar to the modern patent, an explanation, description, and proof of the inventions usefulness was required in order to receive the patent. Over time, the British system adopted this system and after U.S. andRead MoreThe Smartphone Industry : A Competitive Market1693 Words   |  7 Pagesutilize patents to increase their sphere of influence within the tech wing. Company growth and the bottom line may be the primary focus, but a secondary goal of stagnating competito rs through tech control is vital to staying king of the hill. Intellectual property is defined as an invention or work that is the result of creativity. A company may apply for a patent, copyright, or trademark to protect intellectual property. A patent is essentially a limited monopoly in which the patent holder isRead MoreIntellectual Property And Technology : The Real World : Legal Matters Sweet As Candy1071 Words   |  5 Pagesproperty law comes into play. The impact intellectual property law has on the technology industry is demonstrated through its procedures, demand, and recent successes. High Tech Intellectual Property Law Intellectual property is defined as â€Å"intangible rights protecting the products of human intelligence and creation, such as copyrightable works, patented inventions, trademarks, and trade secrets.† The most common use of intellectual property law in the field of technology is patent law; patents areRead MoreApple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.: An Exploration of Patent Law and Ever-Evolving Technology1166 Words   |  5 PagesApple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.: An Exploration of Patent Law and Ever-Evolving Technology April 15, 2011 marks the date that kick-started the most high-profile US design patent cases of all time; a lawsuit that could possibly change the face of technology as we know it. Apple Inc. sued Samsung Electronics Co. on the grounds that Samsung’s smartphones as well as tablets infringed upon Apple’s technology and design patents (Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., 2013). Deemed by the UnitedRead MoreHarmonization Of International Patent Law1350 Words   |  6 Pagesboundaries and thus inventors are required to protect their inventions in the countries where they wish to operate. Patent systems of different countries are different and this creates much problem. They are often very reluctant to do business in countries where protection is very less or almost nil for their invention. Thus, neither inventor nor the countries enjoy the benefit of patent. If we examine rules of different countries then many differences can be found but at the same time many simila ritiesRead MoreThe Mayo Collaborative Services And Mayo Clinic Rochester1355 Words   |  6 Pages(Prometheus) patents. After Mayo’s Prometheus sued Mayo claiming patent infringement. This paper will examine the Mayo Collaborative Services v Prometheus Laboratories, Inc. case that refers to the patent infringement law. We will examine both sides of the case by exploring Diamond v. Diehr, Mackay Radio Telegraph Co. v. Radio Corp. of America, Bilski v. Kappos, and Parker v. Flook’s relationship with the case. This paper will ultimately conclude in favor of Mayo because Prometheus’ patents effectivelyRead MoreEssay On Patent Systems1342 Words   |  6 PagesLaw Regulations (ACE 592) Juhi Tomar 1. Patent systems allows inventors all around the world to file and claim some form of intellectual property as their invention which gives them exclusive rights to make use of this property for a certain period of time (usually 20 years), after which it is available for public use. The inventor must release all details regarding the invention which are needed to utilize the property by experts/professionals in the field. The patent system gives rise to manyRead MorePatent Laws And Its Legal Justifications1704 Words   |  7 Pagesof them being the patent system. Patent is an intellectual property right that relates to innovations and grants exclusive ownership right of an invention to a patentee, and protects the patented product to reproduction, using, selling, importing, or process producing the patented product (John and Wendy 1). This paper explores the patent law in India in relation to its legal justifications(domestic and international), as well as the ethical considerations in relation to patent medical drugs. TheRead MoreIntellectual Property in India909 Words   |  4 PagesIntrà ¶ductià ¶n It was never the à ¶bject à ¶f patent laws tà ¶ grant a mà ¶nà ¶pà ¶ly fà ¶r every trifling device, every shadà ¶w à ¶f a shade à ¶f an idea, which wà ¶uld naturally and spà ¶ntaneà ¶usly à ¶ccur tà ¶ any skilled mechanic à ¶r à ¶peratà ¶r in the à ¶rdinary prà ¶gress à ¶f manufactures. Such an indiscriminate creatià ¶n à ¶f exclusive privileges tends rather tà ¶ à ¶bstruct than tà ¶ stimulate inventià ¶n. It creates a class à ¶f speculative schemers whà ¶ make it their business tà ¶ watch the advancing wave à ¶f imprà ¶vement, and gather its fà ¶am